11/11/2023 0 Comments Iri empathy test![]() Finally, personal distress (PD) indicates a tendency to experience discomfort and stress in the presence of others, who are in distress. Empathic concern (EC) means having feelings of compassion and concern for the needs of others. Both factors are often seen as more cognitive, even though FS has been associated with higher emotionality (Paulus, 2009). Fantasy (FS) refers to one’s tendency to identify with fictional characters in books or films. Perspective taking (PT) describes an individual’s tendency to consider another person’s viewpoints. The IRI measures empathy in four subscales. Conceptions of trait-empathy usually refer to the seminal work of Davis ( 1980) and are often linked to the structure of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). The heterogeneity of empathy and the unclear differentiation between cognitive and emotional aspects might be a source for the unclear differentiation of scales.Įmpathy is commonly understood as a multidimensional construct that comprises emotional as well as cognitive components (Davis, 1980, 1983 Hoffman, 2000). Results support the factorial validity of the German SPF-IRI. Mean differences were due to real differences on latent variables and not a result of measurement bias. No significant differences were found for perspective taking. Women scored higher on fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress. Differences for latent means were evident. Strict MI (invariant factor loadings, intercepts, residuals) could be established, and variances and covariances were also equal. Measurement invariance (MI) across gender groups was tested using ESEM in the combined sample. Substantial cross-loadings were evident in ESEM. Across two subsamples ESEM outperformed CFA. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) were used to test the theoretically predicted four-factor model. ![]() The present research investigates the factorial validity of the German adaptation of the IRI, the “Saarbrücker Persönlichkeitsfragebogen SPF-IRI”. The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) is the most widely used measure of empathy, but its factorial validity has been questioned.
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